Relation of serum irisin levels with adiposity, components of metabolic syndrome and carotid intima media thickness in prepubertal children with obesity: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: Irisin, a newly discovered adipomyokine, has pleiotropic effects in metabolic and energy homeostasis, insulin resistance (IR), and browning of white adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate irisin levels in children with obesity and also to elucidate possible relationships between irisin with anthropometric obesity indices, parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and intima media thickness (IMT).

Methods: A total of 77 prepubertal children, 4-12 years old, were enrolled in this study, including 44 children with obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) and 33 normal weight controls of matched age and gender.

Chronic Use of Artificial Sweeteners: Pros and Cons.

Over the past few decades, the scientific community has been highly concerned about the obesity epidemic. Artificial sweeteners are compounds that mimic the sweet taste of sugar but have no calories or carbohydrates; hence, they are very popular among patients suffering from diabetes or obesity, aiming to achieve glycemic and/or weight control. There are four different types of sweeteners: artificial, natural, rare sugars, and polyols.

A toddler with severe vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1 A (VDDR1A), hungry bone syndrome, and severe RSV infection: presentation and therapeutic challenges.

Background: Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1 A (VDDR1A) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in the CYP27B1 gene which result in inability to generate 1,25(OH)D.

Case Presentation: An 18-month-old boy with VDDR1A presented with hypotonia and respiratory distress. He had been diagnosed 2 months earlier, having been evaluated for stunted growth, hypotonia, and delayed developmental milestones.

Challenges in the management of patients with HNF1B MODY and multisystem manifestations: the cases of two adolescent boys.

Introduction: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta (HNF1B) encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, which is expressed early in embryogenesis and is involved in the development of multiple tissues and organs. HNF1B mutations cause complex multisystem disorders, with renal developmental disease and maturity onset diabetes of the young (HNF1B MODY), a rare cause of diabetes mellitus, being representative features.

Methods: We present two adolescent boys from different socioeconomic backgrounds who were diagnosed with genetically confirmed HNF1B MODY following hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis in the first case and after diagnostic work-up due to impaired glucose tolerance in the second case.

Predictors of the clinical severity of T1DM presentation at diagnosis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Purpose: We aimed to assess factors associated with the presence and severity of ketoacidosis (DKA) at pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1DM) diagnosis, in relation to pancreatic, associated and familial autoimmunity.

Methods: Antibodies against pancreatic beta-cells, organ specific autoantibodies (thyroid, celiac, and parietal) and family history of autoimmunity were retrospectively evaluated in 116 T1DM patients aged 11.9 ± 4.