Action Mechanisms of Exosomes Derived from GD3/GD2-Positive Glioma Cells in the Regulation of Phenotypes and Intracellular Signaling: Roles of Integrins.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in intercellular communication in various biological events. In particular, EVs released from cancer cells have attracted special attention. Although it has been reported that cancer-associated glycosphingolipids play important roles in the enhancement of malignant properties of cancer cells, the presence, behavior, and roles of glycosphingolipids in EVs have not been elucidated.

Effects of lignin on indigo-reducing activity and indigo particle size in indigo dye suspensions.

Microbial indigo reduction is a key reaction in indigo dyeing; however, the mechanism of the interaction with indigo remains unclear. We hypothesized that lignin is a candidate substance that supports this interaction. The addition of lignin effectively enhanced the indigo reduction.

γ-Secretase Cleaves Bifunctional Fatty Acid-Conjugated Small Molecules with Amide Bonds in Mammalian Cells.

Connecting two small molecules, such as ligands, fluorophores, or lipids, together via a linker with amide bonds is a widely used strategy to generate synthetic bifunctional molecules for various biological and biomedical applications. Such bifunctional molecules have been used in live-cell experiments under the assumption that they should be stable in cells. However, we recently found that a membrane-targeting bifunctional molecule, composed of a lipopeptide and the small-molecule ligand trimethoprim, referred to as mgcTMP, underwent amide-bond cleavage in mammalian cells.

Prognostic impact of adipose tissue loss at 1 month after surgery in patients with gastric cancer.

Background: The postoperative impact of short-term changes in skeletal muscle loss (SML) and adipose tissue loss (ATL) on treatment outcomes is unclear in patients with gastric cancer (GC). We investigate the role of SML and ATL at 1 month after surgery in determining postoperative survival and recurrence rates in patients with GC.

Methods: We analyzed 540 patients with GC and assessed their skeletal muscle mass, visceral fat mass, and subcutaneous fat mass using computed tomography scans preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively.

A case of esophageal cancer in a diverticulum treated by surgical resection: a case report.

Background: An esophageal diverticulum is a relatively rare disease, with reports of treatment for esophageal cancer in the diverticulum even rarer.

Case Presentation: The case involved a 72-year-old male with a chief complaint of dysphagia. He was diagnosed with an esophageal diverticulum (Zenker's diverticulum) measuring 10 cm in diameter.