A novel ER stress regulator ARL6IP5 induces reticulophagy to ameliorate the prion burden.

Prion disease is a fatal and infectious neurodegenerative disorder caused by the trans-conformation conversion of PRNP/PrP to PRNP/PrP. Accumulated PRNP/PrP-induced ER stress causes chronic unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, which is one of the fundamental steps in prion disease progression. However, the role of various ER-resident proteins in prion-induced ER stress is elusive.

Role of diosgenin extracted from L in suppression of HIV-1 replication: An preclinical study.

Background: Diosgenin, an essential sapogenin steroid with significant biological implications, is composed of a hydrophilic sugar moiety intricately linked to a hydrophobic steroid aglycone. While the antiviral properties of diosgenin against numerous RNA viruses have been extensively documented, its potential in combating Human Immunodeficiency Virus infections remains unexplored.

Experimental Procedure: This current investigation presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of extracts derived from the leaves of , which are notably enriched with diosgenin.

A structure and knowledge-based combinatorial approach to engineering universal scFv antibodies against influenza M2 protein.

Background: The influenza virus enters the host via hemagglutinin protein binding to cell surface sialic acid. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is followed by viral nucleocapsid uncoating for replication aided by the transmembrane viral M2 proton ion channel. M2 ectodomain (M2e) is a potential universal candidate for monoclonal antibody therapy owing to its conserved nature across influenza virus subtypes and its importance in viral propagation.

ARL6IP5 Ameliorates α-Synuclein Burden by Inducing Autophagy via Preventing Ubiquitination and Degradation of ATG12.

Recent advanced studies in neurodegenerative diseases have revealed several links connecting autophagy and neurodegeneration. Autophagy is the major cellular degradation process for the removal of toxic protein aggregates responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. More than 30 autophagy-related proteins have been identified as directly participating in the autophagy process.

Design, Synthesis of 3-(5-Substituted Phenyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-1H-indole and Its Microbial Activity.

Fischer indole synthesis of indole by using phenyl-hydrazine and acetaldehyde resulted 1H-Indole while phenyl-hydrazine reacted with malonaldehyde gives 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde. Also Vilsmeier-Haack formylation of 1H-Indole gives 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde. 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde were oxidized to form 1H-Indole-3-carboxylic acid.