Perfluorobutanesulfonate Interfering with the Intestinal Remodeling During Metamorphosis via the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis.

The intestinal remodeling during amphibian metamorphosis is essential for adapting to various ecological niches of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. However, whether and how the widespread contaminant, perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) affects intestinal remodeling remains unknown. In this study, tadpoles () at the G26 stage were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFBS (0, 1, 3, and 10 μg/L) until the end of metamorphosis.

Predicting periprosthetic joint infection in primary total knee arthroplasty: a machine learning model integrating preoperative and perioperative risk factors.

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection leads to significant morbidity and mortality after total knee arthroplasty. Preoperative and perioperative risk prediction and assessment tools are lacking in Asia. This study developed the first machine learning model for individualized prediction of periprosthetic joint infection following primary total knee arthroplasty in this demographic.

β-Amyloid Induces Microglial Expression of GPC4 and APOE Leading to Increased Neuronal Tau Pathology and Toxicity.

To elucidate the impact of Aβ pathology on microglia in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, we profiled the microglia surfaceome following treatment with Aβ fibrils. Our findings reveal that Aβ-associated human microglia upregulate Glypican 4 (GPC4), a GPI-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). In a amyloidosis model, glial GPC4 expression exacerbates motor deficits and reduces lifespan, indicating that glial GPC4 contributes to a toxic cellular program during neurodegeneration.

Effects of Chemical Speciation on Chronic Thyroid Toxicity of Representative Perfluoroalkyl Acids.

Acute exposure studies have reported that chemical speciation significantly affects the developmental toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). However, the mechanisms underlying the chronic toxicity of PFAAs as a function of chemical speciation remain unknown. With an aim to gain more insights into the PFAA structure-toxicity relationship, this study exposed adult zebrafish to the acids and salts of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorobutanoate (PFBA), and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) at environmentally realistic concentrations for 5 months.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis-inflammatory bowel disease: Epidemiology, mortality, and impact of diagnostic sequence.

Background & Aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) carries significant morbidity and mortality compared with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We characterized epidemiology trends and outcomes in those with PSC-IBD and IBD, paying particular attention to the impact of PSC-IBD diagnostic sequence on outcomes.

Methods: Incidence and prevalence of PSC-IBD and IBD (2002-2018) were evaluated using validated health administrative data-derived cohorts from Ontario, Canada (population ∼15 million).