Reactivities of -Nitrosamines against Common Reagents and Reaction Conditions.

The knowledge of the reactivity of -nitrosamines (NSAs) with common organic reagents in synthesis is essential in determining their presence in pharmaceutical products, if formed and retained during synthesis. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive survey of the Reaxys database for all reactions in which the NSA functional group is consumed. Very different reactivities for different classes of NSAs, e.

Deconvoluting Substrates, Support, and Temperature Effects on Leaching and Deactivation of Pd Catalysts: An In Situ Study in Flow.

Leaching behavior of three different Pd heterogeneous catalysts (PdEnCat 30, FibreCat FC1001, and Pd/AlO) during the Heck reaction of iodobenzene and methyl acrylate, in the presence of triethylamine, was compared using a tandem flow reactor. While leaching was observed in all three cases, Pd/AlO appeared to be the most robust, showing little/no leaching at ambient temperature. The leached Pd species also appear to display different catalytic activities.

Okeanomitos corallinicola gen. and sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria), a new toxic marine heterocyte-forming Cyanobacterium from a coral reef.

Cyanobacterial mats supplanting coral and spreading coral diseases in tropical reefs, intensified by environmental shifts caused by human-induced pressures, nutrient enrichment, and global climate change, pose grave risks to the survival of coral ecosystems. In this study, we characterized Okeanomitos corallinicola gen. and sp.

A comparative analysis of real-time quantitative PCR and metabarcoding methods for eDNA-based detection of the toxic dinophyte Alexandrium tamiyavanichii (Dinophyceae).

The marine dinophyte Alexandrium tamiyavanichii is a toxigenic species that produces a group of neurotoxins that is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans. Early detection of the species is essential for efficient monitoring. Harmful microalgal monitoring systems have evolved over the years with the advent of environmental DNA (eDNA)-based species detection techniques.

Mapping harmful microalgal species by eDNA monitoring: A large-scale survey across the southwestern South China Sea.

A large-scale sampling was undertaken during a research cruise across the South China Sea in August 2016, covering an area of about 100,000 km to investigate the molecular diversity and distributions of micro-eukaryotic protists, with a focus on the potentially harmful microalgal (HAB) species along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Environmental DNAs from 30 stations were extracted and DNA metabarcoding targeting the V4 and V9 markers in the 18S rDNA was performed. Many protistan molecular units, including previously unreported HAB taxa, were discovered for the first time in the water.