Statistical modelling and optimization of hydrolysis of urea to generate ammonia for flue gas conditioning.

The present study is concerned with the technique of producing a relatively small quantity of ammonia which can be used safely in a coal-fired thermal power plant to improve the efficiency of electrostatic precipitator by removing the suspended particulate material mostly fly ash, from the flue gas. In this work hydrolysis of urea has been conducted in a batch reactor at atmospheric pressure to study the different reaction variables such as reaction temperature, initial concentration and stirring speed on the conversion by using design expert software. A 2(3) full factorial central composite design (CCD) has been employed and a quadratic model equation has been developed.

Kinetic studies on hydrolysis of urea in a semi-batch reactor at atmospheric pressure for safe use of ammonia in a power plant for flue gas conditioning.

With growing industrialization in power sector, air is being polluted with a host of substances-most conspicuously with suspended particulate matter emanating from coal-fired thermal power plants. Flue gas conditioning, especially in such power plants, requires in situ generation of ammonia. In the present paper, experiments for kinetic study of hydrolysis of urea have been conducted using a borosil glass reactor, first without stirring followed by with stirring.

Equilibrium studies on hydrolysis of urea in a semi-batch reactor for production of ammonia to reduce hazardous pollutants from flue gases.

The increasing environmental awareness and the mandate of the pollution control agencies in various part of country for lowering emission of air pollutants such as CO(2), NO(x), SO(2) and fly ash emissions, has increased the urgency for reviewing options and alternatives to accomplish the above objective. The addition of ammonia into the flue gas stream as a conditioning agent is found to be used in recent years for the reduction of air pollutants. Flue gas conditioning requires in situ generation of ammonia as the transportation and storage of anhydrous ammonia is hazardous in nature.

Studies on the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from Tamarind wood activated with sulphuric acid.

The low-cost activated carbon were prepared from Tamarind wood material by chemical activation with sulphuric acid for the adsorption of Pb(II) from dilute aqueous solution. The activated carbon developed shows substantial capacity to adsorb Pb(II) from dilute aqueous solutions. The parameters studied include physical and chemical properties of adsorbent, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial concentrations.