Conformationally Restricted Grp94-Selective Inhibitors.

Selective inhibition of glucose regulated protein 94 (Grp94), the most structurally unique isoform of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), has been implicated in the treatment of various disease states, including primary open-angle glaucoma and metastatic cancer. In this study, nine analogues were designed and synthesized by conformationally restricting , a second generation Grp94-selective inhibitor. Conformational constraints were applied to restrict the rotatable bonds and to bias the benzyl moiety into the Grp94 site 1 pocket as well as to reduce the entropic penalty paid upon binding.

Reanalysis of Samburupithecus reveals similarities to nyanzapithecines.

Samburupithecus kiptalami is an ape found in Late Miocene deposits (ca. 9.5 Ma) of northern Kenya.

Additional analyses of stem catarrhine and hominoid dental morphology support Kapi ramnagarensis as a stem hylobatid.

Fossil gibbons are exceedingly rare, with much of the hylobatid fossil record and, consequently, hylobatid evolutionary history remaining unknown. Kapi ramnagarensis was described as a stem hylobatid on the basis of an isolated lower right M from ∼13.0-12.

Primate Phenotypes: A Multi-Institution Collection of 3D Morphological Data Housed in MorphoSource.

The field of phenomics is experiencing unprecedented advances thanks to the rapid growth of morphological quantification based on three-dimensional (3D) imaging, online data repositories, team-oriented collaborations, and open data-sharing policies. In line with these progressions, we present an extensive primate phenotypic dataset comprising >6,000 3D scans (media) representing skeletal morphologies of 386 individual specimens covering all hominoid genera (except humans) and other selected primates. The digitized specimens are housed in physical collections at the American Museum of Natural History, the National Museum of Natural History, the Royal Museum for Central Africa (Belgium), the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, and Stony Brook University.