Background Context: Ropivacaine-Epinephrine-Clonidine-Ketorolac (RECK) cocktail can improve pain control in patients undergoing lumbar decompression. Given the aging population, rising healthcare costs, the opioid epidemic, and associations of acute pain control with long-term opioid use, effective opioid-sparing analgesia following spinal fusion surgery may impart societal benefits.
Purpose: We aimed to investigate whether RECK was an effective local anesthetic for patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion.
There are millions of river barriers worldwide, ranging from wooden locks to concrete dams, many of which form associated impoundments to store water in small ponds or large reservoirs. Besides their benefits, there is growing recognition of important environmental and social trade-offs related to these artificial structures. However, global datasets describing their characteristics and geographical distribution are often biased towards particular regions or specific applications, such as hydropower dams affecting fish migration, and are thus not globally consistent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe optimization and detailed characterization of gastrointestinal organoid models require advanced methods for analyzing their luminal environments. This paper presents a highly reproducible method for the precise measurement of pH within the lumina of 3D human gastric organoids via micromanipulator-controlled microelectrodes. The pH microelectrodes are commercially available and consist of beveled glass tips of 25 µm in diameter.
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