Safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an intranasal seasonal influenza vaccine adjuvanted with gram-positive matrix (GEM) particles (FluGEM): A randomized, double-blind, controlled, ascending dose study in healthy adults and elderly.

Background: Intranasal administration of respiratory vaccines offers many advantages such as eliciting both systemic and mucosal immunity at the point of viral entry. Immunogenicity of intranasal vaccination can be improved through the use of adjuvants. Bacteria-like particles derived fromLactococcus lactishave the potential to serve as a vaccine adjuvant.

A Combined YopB and LcrV Subunit Vaccine Elicits Protective Immunity against Infection in Adult and Infant Mice.

causes a severe enteric infection in infants and young children. There is no vaccine approved for use in humans. We investigated the immunogenicity and protective capacity of YopB, a conserved type III secretion system protein, alone or combined with LcrV in adult mice immunized intranasally.

Local and Systemic Immunity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induced by a Novel Intranasal Vaccine. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

Needle-free intranasal vaccines offer major potential advantages, especially against pathogens entering via mucosal surfaces. As yet, there is no effective vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a ubiquitous pathogen of global importance that preferentially infects respiratory epithelial cells; new strategies are urgently required. Here, we report the safety and immunogenicity of a novel mucosal RSV F protein vaccine linked to an immunostimulatory bacterium-like particle (BLP).