Cell-cell communications in the brain of hepatic encephalopathy: The neurovascular unit.

Many patients with liver diseases are exposed to the risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The incidence of HE in liver patients is high, showing various symptoms ranging from mild symptoms to coma. Liver transplantation is one of the ways to overcome HE.

Comparison of Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Detachment with Tibial-Sided Osteotomy for Fibular Untethering in Lateral Closing-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Cadaveric Study.

Proximal tibiofibular joint detachment (PTFJD) is a fibular untethering procedure during lateral closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy (LCWHTO) for varus knee osteoarthritis. However, the PTFJD procedure is technically demanding, and confirmation of clear joint separation is not straightforward. The aim of this study was to compare the degree of completion and safety of PTFJD versus tibial-sided osteotomy (TSO); this latter procedure is our novel technique for fibular untethering during LCWHTO.

The Effectiveness and Safety of Tibial-Sided Osteotomy for Fibula Untethering in Lateral Close-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Novel Technique with Video Illustration.

: Despite its advantages, lateral close-wedge high tibial osteotomy (LCWHTO) requires proximal tibiofibular joint detachment (PTFJD) or fibular shaft osteotomy for gap closing. These fibula untethering procedures are technically demanding and not free from the risk of neurovascular injuries. Our novel fibula untethering technique, tibial-sided osteotomy (TSO) near the proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ), aims to reduce technical demands and the risk of injury to the peroneal nerve and popliteal neurovascular structures.

A Model H5N2 Vaccine Strain for Dual Protection Against H5N1 and H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses.

Highly pathogenic (HP) H5Nx and low-pathogenicity (LP) H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose global threats to the poultry industry and public health, highlighting the critical need for a dual-protective vaccine. In this study, we generated a model PR8-derived recombinant H5N2 vaccine strain with hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from clade 2.3.

Protective Potential of Strains and Their Mixture on Inflammatory Bowel Disease via Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice.

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective potential of IM57, IR51, and IR62 strains, isolated from infant feces, and their mixture against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The strains exhibited robust antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory properties in RAW 264.7 cells.