Root Cause Analysis and Risk of Malignancy of Non-Diagnostic Category per the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology.

Introduction: We aim to perform a root cause analysis (RCA) of the non-diagnostic (ND) category of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology.

Methods: The salivary gland fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples with ND diagnosis and corresponding surgical resections from 2013 to 2023, in the age group of 18 years and above, were included in the cohort for RCA. The cytology and surgical resection slides of cases from this RCA cohort were reviewed.

Survey of healthcare-associated sink infrastructure, and sink trap antibiotic residues and biochemistry, in 29 UK hospitals.

Background: Hospital sinks are linked to healthcare-associated infections. Antibiotics and chemicals in sink traps can select for pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Optimising sink design and usage can mitigate sink-to-patient dissemination of pathogens, but large-scale surveys of hospital sink infrastructure are lacking.

Examining environmental factors behind the declining occurrence of dolphins in Hong Kong waters using multivariate statistical methods.

The decline of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins observed in Hong Kong is a microcosm of cetacean population changes resulting from broader global issues, including habitat degradation, pollution, and unsustainable fishing practices. Identifying and prioritizing the natural and anthropogenic pressures on the species is crucial for effective population conservation. The loss of coastal habitats due to reclamation projects, such as those in Hong Kong, is a significant concern as it disrupts the dolphins' natural environment and displaces them from their traditional feeding and breeding grounds.

Effect of spring runoff on 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone formation during water treatment.

This study investigated the impacts of spring runoff on the formation of halobenzoquinones (HBQs) and their correlation with common water quality parameters (WQPs) and aromatic amino acids (AAs) in source water. Source water and treated water samples were collected at two drinking water treatment plants in 2021, 2022, and 2023. HBQs and aromatic AAs were analyzed using solid phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods.