Microwave enhanced advanced oxidation treatment of fat, oil and grease (FOG) with organic co-substrates.

Mixtures of fats, oils and grease (FOG) either with dairy manure or with thickened waste secondary sludge (TWSS) were treated using microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW-AOP). For both dairy manure and TWSS mixtures, the maximum increase in soluble COD (SCOD) resulted from the 1:1 mixture by total solids (TS) weight. In the TWSS mixtures, production of volatile fatty acid (VFA) increased with greater FOG content, while there was a decreasing production trend in VFA in dairy manure mixtures.

Lifestyle behaviors, chronic diseases, and ratings of health between black and white adults with pre-diabetes.

Purposes: The purposes of this study were to assess differences in lifestyle behaviors and other health-related factors between black and white adults with pre-diabetes and to identify predictors for lifestyle behaviors.

Methods: Using the 2007 and 2009 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an annual cross-sectional survey of randomly selected samples from each state, black (n = 1156) and white (n = 9539) adults with pre-diabetes were compared on lifestyle behaviors, general health practices, perceptions of health, chronic diseases, and access to care. Predictors for participating in regular physical activity and adequate intake of fruits and vegetables were identified for each racial and gender group using multiple regression procedures.

Contributions of object- and space-based mechanisms to line bisection errors.

In two experiments, normal adults divided a horizontal line segment and an equal spatial interval that did not contain a line into eight equal-appearing segments by means of successive bisections. In the first experiment, subjects' average initial bisections erred to the left of objective center for both stimuli. Their subsequent bisections produced similar errors for the line-present stimulus, as the bisection of each progressively smaller line segment was placed to the left of true center.

Relative spatial expansion and contraction within the Müller-Lyer and Judd illusions.

The shaft portions of Müller-Lyer (M-L) figures, one-ended M-L figures, Judd figures, and their respective control (tails-up) figures were divided by subjects into eight equal-appearing intervals by means of successive bisections. For most of the control stimuli the length of the left half of the shaft tended to be overestimated relative to the length of the right side. For the tails-out version of the M-L figure, there was relative overestimation of segments of the shaft adjacent to the tails, while for the tails-in version there was relative underestimation of these segments.