The Ninhydrin Reaction Revisited: Optimisation and Application for Quantification of Free Amino Acids.

The ninhydrin reaction is commonly used for the detection of amino acids. However, in the literature, different conditions with respect to the buffer system, its pH and concentration, type of organic solvent, incubation time, and temperature, as well as the concentrations of the reagents, are described. To identify the most suitable conditions, colour development with reagents of varying compositions and different reaction temperatures and times were investigated using asparagine as a model amino acid.

Statistical learning ability at 17 months relates to early reading skills via oral language.

Statistical learning ability has been found to relate to children's reading skills. Yet, statistical learning is also known to be vital for developing oral language skills, and oral language and reading skills relate strongly. These connections raise the question of whether statistical learning ability affects reading via oral language or directly.

Do school and equality education characteristics influence young children's understanding of sex/gender constancy?

In many cognitive developmental studies, young children ( < 6 years) fail to understand that changing the appearance of a person, object, or animal does not change its underlying reality. They appear to believe that a cat wearing a dog mask is genuinely a dog (appearance/reality distinction) and that a boy wearing a dress is genuinely a girl (sex/gender constancy). These skills may be affected by various influences: testing methods, training on the constancy of biological traits, child's or sibling's diagnosis of gender dysphoria, and child's diagnosis of autism.

Paper Supercapacitor Developed Using a Manganese Dioxide/Carbon Black Composite and a Water Hyacinth Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Bilayer Separator.

Flexible and green energy storage devices have a wide range of applications in prospective electronics and connected devices. In this study, a new eco-friendly bilayer separator and primary and secondary paper supercapacitors based on manganese dioxide (MnO)/carbon black (CB) are developed. The bilayer separator is prepared via a two-step fabrication process involving freeze-thawing and nonsolvent-induced phase separation.