Efficacy of combination therapy with pembrolizumab and axitinib for metastatic renal collecting duct cell carcinoma: A report on two cases.

Introduction: Immunotherapy-based combinations have become the standard first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, combined immunotherapy for renal collecting duct carcinoma had been reported, but its therapeutic efficacy had been unclear.

Case Presentation: The first case was a 62-year-old man treated with pembrolizumab and axitinib for renal collecting duct carcinoma with multiple bone metastases.

Eight year experience with Studer ileal neobladder.

Background: We reviewed our experience with orthotopic continent urinary reconstruction after radical cystectomy to assess the feasibility of Studer ileal neobladder for patients who are relatively advanced in age.

Methods: Between June 1997 and January 2005, 31 consecutive male patients (mean age: 64 years) underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction after radical cystoprostatectomy. Perioperative and late complications, functional outcome of the neobladder, urinary continence, upper urinary tract status and renal function with the metabolic balance were evaluated in all patients.

Perinephric angiomyolipoma: a unique development pattern surrounding the kidney.

We report a case of a 31-year-old man with extrarenal angiomyolipoma of the perinephric space. He presented with asymptomatic macrohematuria. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a large perinephric mass which was separated from the right kidney and its unique growth appeared to have surrounded the kidney.

Detection of the presence of catalytic subunit mRNA associated with telomerase gene in exfoliated urothelial cells from patients with bladder cancer.

Purpose: Telomerase has an important role in the immortalization and oncogenesis of human cancer cells, and it appears to be a promising new marker for carcinogenesis. We investigated whether expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be detected in exfoliated cells in bladder washing from patients with bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: Exfoliated cells in bladder washing and voided urine samples from patients with and without bladder cancer were analyzed.

[Characteristics of various electrodes for transurethral surgery].

The characteristics of four electrodes for transurethral surgery were examined by resection experiments using porcine muscles. The electrodes were a loop type (uroloop, ENDO care), a roller type (STORZ), VAPOR CUT (STORZ) and WEDGE (Microvasive Co). With the stroke rate fixed at 1.