Objectives: Timolol maleate is used for the treatment of glaucoma and metabolized by cytochrome CYP2D6 in the liver. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the influence of and gene polymorphisms on the safety of medications containing 0.5% of timolol maleate as glaucoma treatment in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, β-adrenergic blockers have become the first choice drugs for glaucoma treatment. Timolol holds the main position among them, being a part of most combined antiglaucoma preparations. The use of timolol maleate in clinical practice may be accompanied by severe side effects affecting different organs and systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe review presents data of clinical and pharmacogenetic research by Russian and foreign authors conducted within the last three years on the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic treatment against wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Scientific results on the association between angiogenesis-related gene polymorphisms responsible for predisposition to AMD on the one hand and a positive response to anti-VEGF therapy on the other are presented. Particular attention is paid to the main regulator of angiogenesis - the VEGF-A gene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the role of polymorphisms in genes that code for the components of vitamin K cycle in the development of retinal vascular occlusion. Vitamin K serves as a cofactor for a number of blood coagulation factors, namely, factor II, VII, IX, and X, and also for anticoagulation proteins C and S. According to the literature, 1639G4A polymorphism of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 gene (VKORC1) is likely to be a new risk factor of retinal vascular occlusion.
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