Dysregulated Autophagy and Mitophagy in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Remain Unchanged Following Heme Oxygenase-1 Knockout.

Dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to the progression of various muscle diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, encoded by ), a heme-degrading enzyme, may alleviate symptoms of DMD, inter alia, through anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we determined the role of HO-1 in the regulation of autophagy and mitophagy in animals, a commonly used mouse model of the disease.

Highly Efficient Extraction Procedures Based on Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents or Ionic Liquids for Determination of 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Spinach.

A novel, efficient extraction procedure based on natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and ionic liquids (ILs) for determination of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) in spinach has been developed. NADES, the first green extraction agent, with different hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are screened in order to determine extraction efficiencies. NADES consisting of lactic acid and levulinic acid at a molar ratio of 1:1 exhibits the highest yields.

Videolaryngoscopic endotracheal intubation (GlideScope) of morbidly obese patients in semi-erect position: a comparison with rapid sequence induction in supine position.

Background: In regards to peri-anesthetic morbidity considerations, morbidly obese patients often have full stomach for extended periods secondary to delayed gastric emptying. Additionally, they may have difficulty lying supine because of multiple reasons.

Study Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare endotracheal intubation of morbidly obese patients placed in semi-erect position with the rapid sequence induction in the supine position using GlideScope video laryngoscopy.

The utility of pre-residency standardized tests for anesthesiology resident selection: the place of United States Medical Licensing Examination scores.

Background: The resident selection process could be improved if United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores obtained during residency application were found to predict success on the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) written examination (part 1). In this study, we compared USMLE performance during medical school to anesthesiology residency standardized examination performance.

Methods: Sixty-nine anesthesiology residents' USMLE, ABA/American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) In-Training Examination, and ABA written board examination (part 1) scores were compared.

Mu-opioid and GABA(B) receptors modulate different types of Ca2+ currents in rat nodose ganglion neurons.

Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from nodose ganglion neurons acutely dissociated from 10-30-day-old rats to characterize the Ca2+ channel types that are modulated by GABA(B) and mu-opioid receptors. Five components of high-threshold current were distinguished on the basis of their sensitivity to blockade by omega-conotoxin GVIA, nifedipine, omega-agatoxin IVA and omega-conotoxin MVIIC. Administration of the mu-opioid agonist H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe(N-Me)-Gly-ol (0.