The efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients aged over 80 years with heart failure.

Aims: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization (HFH). However, the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in elderly patients with poor general status, such as very low bodyweight or low nutritional status, who are not included in randomized controlled trials, has not yet been examined. In a real-world setting, the introduction of SGLT2 inhibitors to such elderly patients is a very difficult decision to make.

Association between delirium severity and prognosis following Transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Background: Delirium is associated with patient prognosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, the prognostic impact of subsyndromal delirium, described as an intermediate stage between delirium and normal cognition, is uncertain. The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of delirium severity in patients undergoing TAVI.

Preemptive Direct Aortic Insertion of Impella 5.5 in Patients Undergoing Cardiac or Aortic Surgery.

The mortality rate of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock after cardiovascular surgery is quite high, and the only way to avoid this serious complication is to initiate a preemptive strategy during surgery. The Impella 5.5 device with the SmartAssist system (Abiomed) is mainly used to prevent or to treat cardiogenic shock in cardiac surgery, but it is not often used in aortic surgery.

Update on Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Asian Patients.

Background: Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is of greater concern in Asians, considering their relatively smaller annular sizes compared with Westerners. However, the prognostic significance of PPM in Asian populations has not been demonstrated.

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic value of PPM after TAVR in Asian patients.

Global neural encoding of behavioral strategies in mice during perceptual decision-making task with two different sensory patterns.

When a simple model-free strategy does not provide sufficient outcomes, an inference-based strategy estimating a hidden task structure becomes essential for optimizing choices. However, the neural circuitry involved in inference-based strategies is still unclear. We developed a tone frequency discrimination task in head-fixed mice in which the tone category of the current trial depended on the category of the previous trial.