The analysis of relationship between selected sociodemografic factors and disorders of speech organs in Parkinson`s patients.

Background: Evaluation of speech disorders in PD taking into account sociodemographic conditions is not frequent. This paper aims to establish correlations between articulation disorders in PD patients and factors such as the patients' sex, age, education and residence.

Methods: The study included 92 patients with idiopathic PD diagnosed by means of multiple neurological examinations, biochemical tests, MRI and CT scanning carried out in accordance with the United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank (UKPDSBB) criteria.

Risk Factors of Fatigue in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease in a Polish Population.

Introduction. Fatigue syndrome is one of the nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of the study was assessment of prevalence of fatigue syndrome in PD and answering the question what are the independent risk factors connected with intensity of fatigue in PD.

Articulation disorders and duration, severity and L-dopa dosage in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). It is frequently heralded by speech disturbances, which are one of its first symptoms.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to share our own experience concerning the correlation between the severity of speech disorders and the PD duration, its severity and the intake of L-dopa.

Bioelectrical function and structural assessment of the retina in patients with early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Purpose: To determine bioelectrical function and structural changes of the retina in patients with early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight eyes of 20 patients with early idiopathic PD and 38 eyes of 20 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were ophthalmologically examined, including assessment of distance best-corrected visual acuity (DBCVA), slit lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segment of the eye, evaluation of the eye structures: paramacular retinal thickness (RT) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness with the aid of OCT, and the bioelectrical function by full-field electroretinogram (ERG). Additionally, PD patients were interviewed as to the presence of dopamine-dependent visual functions abnormalities.

Ophthalmological features of Parkinson disease.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the type and frequency of ophthalmologic changes occurring in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).

Material/methods: One hundred consecutive patients (196 eyes) with idiopathic PD and a control group consisting of 100 healthy patients (196 eyes) matched for age and sex underwent a complete ophthalmological examination of both eyes, including assessment of patient medical history, dry eye questionare, and visual hallucinations questionnaire, distance and near best corrected visual acuity (DBCVA, NBCVA), color vision, distance photopic contrast sensitivity, near point of convergence, slit lamp examination of the eye anterior segment, tear film osmolarity and breakup time, aqueous tear production, and intraocular pressure, as well as fundus examination and evaluation of the perimacular retinal thickness (RT) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.

Results: In the eyes of PD patients DBCVA, NBCVA, contrast sensitivity, and color discrimination were significantly reduced.