Safety of antenatal breastmilk expression from week 34 of pregnancy: a randomized controlled pilot study (The Express-MOM study).

Background: Mother's own milk (MOM) is important as the first nutrition for preterm infants, but mothers often struggle to initiate milk production right after preterm birth. If antenatal breastmilk expression (aBME) does not induce preterm labor when performed before term age, it could promote nutrition with MOM right after preterm birth. In this pilot study, we aimed to investigate whether aBME induces preterm labor among healthy nulliparous women from week 34 of pregnancy, to examine if aBME promotes the availability of MOM right after birth and affects breastfeeding outcomes.

Coping and learning to Manage Stress with cystic fibrosis (CALM): A multisite telehealth randomized controlled trial to reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Adults with cystic fibrosis (AWCF) have higher rates of depression and anxiety than comparable community members. This multisite randomized waitlist-controlled trial tested the efficacy of "Coping and Learning to Manage Stress with CF" (CALM), a 6-session+booster telehealth intervention to improve depression and anxiety symptoms (primary outcomes) and perceived stress, coping self-efficacy, and key health-related quality of life domains (secondary outcomes).

Methods: AWCF reporting mild to severe symptoms of depression and/or anxiety were randomized to receive CALM immediately (immediate, n = 66) or after a 13-week delay (waitlist, n = 66).

Gut microbiota diversity is prognostic and associated with benefit from chemo-immunotherapy in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

The gut microbiota influences multiple aspects of human health and disease. Several studies have indicated an association between the gut microbiota and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in various cancers, but there is scarce data from breast cancer. The randomized ALICE trial demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) from adding the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor atezolizumab (atezo) to immunomodulating chemotherapy (chemo) in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), even for PD-L1 disease.

Gut dysbiosis and neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic heart failure.

Background: Chronic heart failure (HF) patients have reduced microbiota diversity. Leakage of microbes and their metabolites into the bloodstream may activate neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) consist of chromatin and proteases, and may contribute to HF pathogenesis.

Physical and mental health trajectories: A longitudinal SF-36 analysis in Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated COPD.

Background: The Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) is a health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measure validated in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While physical health is often more impaired than mental health in people with COPD, research on alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)-associated COPD is limited. This longitudinal study examines changes in physical and mental health in individuals with AATD and associated factors.