Safety of nivolumab monotherapy in five cancer types: pooled analysis of post-marketing surveillance in Japan.

Background: Nivolumab has been approved for treating ≥ 10 cancer types. However, there is limited information on the incidence of rare, but potentially serious, treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), as well as notable TRAEs in patients with certain medical disorders or older patients in Japan.

Methods: We performed pooled analyses of data from published post-marketing surveillance in Japan of nivolumab monotherapy for patients with malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and gastric cancer to determine the frequencies of 20 categories of TRAEs of special interest overall and in patient groups with higher perceived safety risks (history of autoimmune disease, interstitial lung disease, tuberculosis, or hepatitis B/C; patients vaccinated during nivolumab treatment; and older patients [≥ 75 years]).

Preventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of ONO-4641, a Selective Agonist for Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 and 5, in Preclinical Models of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

ONO-4641, 1-({6-[(2-methoxy-4-propylbenzyl)oxy]-1-methyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl}methyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (ceralifimod), is a second-generation sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist selective for sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1 and 5, and has clinical effects in multiple sclerosis. The objective of the present study was to explore other potential indications for ONO-4641 based on its immunomodulatory effects. ONO-4641 was tested in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model of spontaneous type 1 diabetes mellitus, an autoimmune disease with unmet medical needs.

The effects of static stretching programs on muscle strength and muscle architecture of the medial gastrocnemius.

Introduction: Static stretching (SS) program are widely used in clinical and athletic settings. Many previous studies investigate the effect of SS program on muscle strength and muscle architecture (muscle thickness, and pennation angleh). However, no consensus has been reached about the effect of SS programs on muscle strength and muscle architecture.

Effects of static stretching programs performed at different volume-equated weekly frequencies on passive properties of muscle-tendon unit.

Whether static stretching (SS) frequency has an effect on increasing the range of motion (ROM) and decreasing muscle stiffness remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two 6-week SS programs performed with different frequencies but generally the same duration of stretching on the passive properties of the medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit. The study participants comprised 24 male volunteers randomly assigned to either the one-time/week group or the three-times/week group, performing 6 min of SS once per week and 2 min of SS thrice per week, respectively.

Efficacies of ultrasound and a handheld dynamometer to predict one-repetition maximum.

[Purpose] It is important to accurately measure one-repetition maximum to determine the training load and number of repetitions. However, huge and expensive equipment, such as a torque machine and/or dynamometer, is needed to measure one-repetition maximum. Therefore, a more accessible and affordable method has been developed to predict one-repetition maximum.