Molecular Subtypes of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Significance of HPV-Independent/p53 Wild Type.

Vulvar carcinoma is a rare disease, meeting the criteria for a "rare cancer", but its incidence is increasing, especially in women <60 years of age. Squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) accounts for the overwhelming majority of vulvar carcinomas and is the focus of this review. As with many cancers, the increased understanding of molecular events during tumorigenesis has led to the emergence of the molecular subclassification of VSCC, which is subclassified into tumors that arise secondary to high-risk human papillomavirus infection (HPV-associated, or HPVa) and those that arise independently of HPV (HPVi), most commonly in the setting of a chronic inflammatory condition of the vulvar skin.

A Review of Force Health Protection Aspects of Lyme Disease in the U.S. Military.

Introduction: Lyme disease (LD) is an underrated threat to the military that negatively impacts mission readiness. Lyme disease has traditionally been thought to only be a risk in an operational context, where training or deployments are frequently conducted in heavily wooded environments. However, this view diminishes risks posed by many off-duty outdoor recreational activities.

Gastrostomy placement in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: assessment of risk factors for post-procedural respiratory failure.

Objective: Radiologically inserted gastrostomy placement may be performed in patients with dysphagia secondary to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study assessed technical outcomes and complications related to gastrostomy placement in patients with ALS.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with ALS who underwent gastrostomy placement between 2021 and 2023 was performed.

A novel micellular fluorogenic substrate for quantitating the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma (PLCγ) enzymes.

The activities of the phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ) 1 and 2 enzymes are essential for numerous cellular processes. Unsurprisingly, dysregulation of PLCγ1 or PLCγ2 activity is associated with multiple maladies including immune disorders, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the modulation of either of these two enzymes has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to combat these diseases.