Anatomical survey of terminal branching patterns of superficial branch of radial nerve in fetuses.

Background: Regional anesthesia plays a key role in elective as well as emergency orthopedic and other surgeries in children. However, peripheral nerve blocks are quite challenging in children due to lack of precise anatomical knowledge of the course and distribution of these nerves. The purpose of this study was to explore the terminal branches of the superficial branch of the radial nerve in fetuses.

Time of fusion of greater cornu with body of hyoid bone in Northwest Indians.

Time of fusion of hyoid is of considerable interest for forensic experts in estimating the age of an individual when unrecognized decomposed bodies or skeletal remains are available. The present investigation was carried out to study the age of fusion in 200 hyoid bones (133 males and 67 females) varying in age from 18 to 85years. Fusion of greater cornu with the body of the hyoid bone was not seen till the age of 25years in both sexes.

Surgical anatomy of sensory portion of superficial fibular nerve for harvesting nerve grafts from fetuses.

The use of superficial fibular nerve (Sfn) as a potential donor nerve in nerve grafting has been introduced. The limited availability of donor nerves has paved the way for nerve allografting. We studied the sensory portion of Sfn in 60 limbs from 30 fetuses.

Anatomical variation in formation of brachial plexus and its branching.

Variant brachial plexus formation with two trunks and two cords is uncommon and has clinical implications as it may result in failure of regional brachial or axillary block. During routine anatomical dissection, unilateral variation in the formation of brachial plexus accompanied by unusual positional relationship with axillary artery was discovered in the left upper extremity of a 52-year-old Indian male cadaver. Brachial plexus showed two trunks formed by ventral rami of C5, C6 and C7, C8, T1 spinal nerves, respectively, which first split and then reunited in an unusual manner to form two cords: posterior and lateral instead of three.

Anatomical dimensions of larynx, epiglottis and cricoid cartilage in foetuses and their relationship with crown rump length.

Background: Advances in perinatal care and increased use of diagnostic and interventional procedures on foetal airway demand a clear understanding of their normal anatomy and development. This study is aimed at determining the normal dimensions of larynx, cricoid cartilage and epiglottis and their correlation to age and crown rump length (CRL).

Method: After approval from institutional ethics committee and written parental informed consent, laryngeal measurements were taken from 79 foetuses of varying CRL from 30 to 299 mm.