Vesicular mechanisms of drug resistance in apicomplexan parasites.

Vesicular mechanisms of drug resistance are known to exist across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Vesicles are sacs that form when a lipid bilayer 'bends' to engulf and isolate contents from the cytoplasm or extracellular environment. They have a wide range of functions, including vehicles of communication within and across cells, trafficking of protein intermediates to their rightful organellar destinations, and carriers of substrates destined for autophagy.

Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Kelch13 mutant proteins display reduced heme-binding affinity and decreased artemisinin activation.

The potency of frontline antimalarial drug artemisinin (ART) derivatives is triggered by heme-induced cleavage of the endoperoxide bond to form reactive heme-ART alkoxy radicals and covalent heme-ART adducts, which are highly toxic to the parasite. ART-resistant (ART-R) parasites with mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum Kelch-containing protein Kelch13 (PfKekch13) exhibit impaired hemoglobin uptake, reduced yield of hemoglobin-derived heme, and thus decreased ART activation. However, any direct involvement of PfKelch13 in heme-mediated ART activation has not been reported.

Bangladesh should engage the private sector for malaria elimination by 2030.

Bangladesh reduced malaria incidence by 93% from 2008 to 2020 through the action of governmental and non-governmental organizations. The Bangladesh context is unique to South Asia because its successful public sector malaria control programs have historically not engaged corporate partners (as undertaken in Sri Lanka and proposed in India). However, ∼18 million people continue to live at risk of infection in Bangladesh and for-profit private healthcare providers, catalytic for malaria elimination in many countries, are expected to benefit the national program.

Superior Electrochemical Water Splitting and Energy-Storage Performances of In Situ Fabricated Charge-Separated Metal Organophosphonate Single Crystals.

The design and exploration of advanced materials as a durable multifunctional electrocatalyst toward sustainable energy generation and storage development is the most perdurable challenge in the domain of renewable energy research. Herein, a facile in situ solvothermal approach has been adopted to prepare a methylviologen-regulated crystalline metal phosphonate compound, [CHN][Ni(CHN)(Hhedp)]•6HO (), (Hhedp = 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid) and well characterized by several techniques. The as-prepared displays excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity with dynamic stability toward oxygen evolution reaction (η = 288 mV) and hydrogen evolution reaction (η = 228 mV) in alkaline (1.

Intrinsic Specific Activity Enhancement for Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Activity toward Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions via Structural Modification of Nickel Organophosphonates.

A comprehensive knowledge of the structure-activity relationship of the framework material is decisive to develop efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts. In this regard, two different metal organophosphonate compounds, [Ni(Hhedp)]·4HO () and [Ni(Hhedp)(CHN)]·6HO () have been isolated through one-pot hydrothermal strategy by using Hhedp (1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid) and N-donor auxiliary ligand (pyrazine; CHN). The structures of synthesized materials have been established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, which confirm that compound formed a one-dimensional molecular chain structure, while compound exhibited a three-dimensional extended structure.