Phagolysosomes break down the membrane of a non-apoptotic corpse independent of macroautophagy.

Cell corpses must be cleared in an efficient manner to maintain tissue homeostasis and regulate immune responses. Ubiquitin-like Atg8/LC3 family proteins promote the degradation of membranes and internal cargo during both macroautophagy and corpse clearance, raising the question how macroautophagy contributes to corpse clearance. Studying the clearance of non-apoptotic dying polar bodies in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, we show that the LC3 ortholog LGG-2 is enriched inside the polar body phagolysosome independent of autophagosome formation.

Phagolysosomes break down the membrane of a non-apoptotic corpse independent of macroautophagy.

Cell corpses must be cleared in an efficient manner to maintain tissue homeostasis and regulate immune responses. Ubiquitin-like Atg8/LC3 family proteins promote the degradation of membranes and internal cargo during both macroautophagy and corpse clearance, raising the question how macroautophagy contributes to corpse clearance. Studying the clearance of non-apoptotic dying polar bodies in embryos, we show that the LC3 ortholog LGG-2 is enriched in the polar body phagolysosome independent of membrane association or autophagosome formation.

The role of miRNA-424 and miR-631 in various cancers: Focusing on drug resistance and sensitivity.

Background: However, advanced technologies have been developed in the treatment of various cancers, but the mortality rate from cancer is still very high. Drug resistance is a major problem for patients with cancer, which causes the treatment process to fail. In addition to inhibiting drug resistance, targeted therapy is also very important in treatment.

Overexpression of miR-490-5p/miR-490-3p Potentially Induces IL-17-Producing T Cells in Patients With Breast Cancer.

Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent female cancer globally and this is also true in Iranian women. Alteration in circulating microRNAs affects the fate of immune cells, affecting immunological response to neoplasia.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the expression of and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of patients with BC.

Involvement of strigolactone hormone in root development, influence and interaction with mycorrhizal fungi in plant: Mini-review.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant symbiosis is the old, fascinating and beneficial relation that exist on earth for the plants. In this review, we have elaborated that the strigolactones (SLs) are released from the roots and function with root parasite, seeds and symbiotic AMF as contact chemicals. They are transported through the xylem in the plants and can regulate plant architecture, seed germination, nodule formation, increase the primary root length, influence the root hairs and physiological reactions to non-living agents by regulating their metabolism.