Post-endoscopic sphincterotomy delayed bleeding occurs in patients with just 1-day interruption of direct oral anticoagulants or hemodialysis.

Objective: Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), especially when anticoagulants are used, carries a significant risk of delayed bleeding. However, the relationship between the use of antithrombotic agents, including direct oral anticoagulants, and post-EST bleeding remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for post-EST delayed bleeding when antithrombotic agents were administered according to the guidelines.

A versatile entry to unnatural, disulfide-linked amino acids and peptides through the disulfuration of azlactones.

Despite the evident demand and promising potential of disulfide-functionalized amino acids and peptides in linker chemistry and peptide drug discovery, those disulfurated specifically at the α-position constitute a unique yet rather highly underexplored chemical space. In this study, we have developed a method for preparing -linked amino acid/peptide derivatives through a base-catalyzed disulfuration reaction of azlactones, followed by the ring-opening functionalization. The disulfuration reaction proceeds under mild conditions, yielding disulfurated azlactones in excellent yields across a variety of -dithiophthalimides and diverse azlactones derived from various amino acids and peptides.

Comparison of neurological outcomes between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to anaphylaxis and cardiac causes: a nationwide population-based observational study.

Objective: To compare the neurological outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to anaphylaxis (OHCA-A) and cardiac causes (OHCA-C).

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Japanese nationwide dataset from 2012 to 2021.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy needle can facilitate histological diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis.

Background: The choice between 22-gauge endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for histological diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is unclear. We retrospectively examined the detection rate of histological findings for AIP using EUS-FNA/FNB.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with type 1 AIP using EUS-FNB (Franseen needle) or EUS-FNA (conventional needle) with 22-gauge needles at our hospital between 2012 and 2023 were included in this study.

Thin Delivery Stents Can Obviate the Need for Additional Fistula Dilatation of Large Diameter in Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) often requires fistula dilation owing to the placement of a large diameter of the delivery stent. The recently developed delivery devices, which are as thin as 5.9/6.