Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes but not obesity are associated with alterations in bile acid related gut microbe-microbe and gut microbe-host community metabolism.

The interplay between bile acids (BAs) and metabolic diseases has gained importance in recent years, with a variety of studies investigating their relationship with diverging results. Therefore, in the present study we performed a detailed analysis of BA metabolism in 492 subjects with different metabolic phenotypes. Besides microbiomics and metabolomics this investigation included analysis of community metabolism to examine metabolic interchange between different microbes as well as microbes and the human host.

Comprehensive evaluation of diabetes subtypes in a European cohort reveals stronger differences of lifestyle, education and psychosocial parameters compared to metabolic or inflammatory factors.

Background: The traditional binary classification of diabetes into Type 1 and Type 2 fails to capture the heterogeneity among diabetes patients. This study aims to identify and characterize diabetes subtypes within the German FoCus cohort, using the ANDIS cohort's classification framework, and to explore subtype-specific variations in metabolic markers, gut microbiota, lifestyle, social factors, and comorbidities.

Methods: We utilized data from 416 participants (208 with diabetes and 208 matched metabolically healthy controls) from the German FoCus cohort.

Associations between ambient pollen exposure and measures of cognitive performance.

Background: Prior research suggests pollen allergies may be associated with cognitive function, although the effect sizes and specific cognitive outcomes varied across studies. With pollen seasons starting earlier and intensifying due to climate change, understanding the effects of pollen exposure on cognition is increasingly relevant. This study investigated the relationship between ambient pollen exposure and cognitive performance in Swiss adults.

Intranasal recombinant protein subunit vaccine targeting TLR3 induces respiratory tract IgA and CD8 T cell responses and protects against respiratory virus infection.

Background: Intranasal vaccines against respiratory viruses are desired due to ease of administration and potential to protect against virus infection of the upper respiratory tract.

Methods: We tested a cationic liposomal adjuvant delivering the TLR3 agonist Poly (I:C) (CAF®09b) for intranasal administration, by formulating this with SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric protein and assessing airway mucosal immune responses in mice. The vaccine was further evaluated in SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge models, using mice expressing the human ACE2 receptor and Syrian hamsters.

[Vaccine-associated adverse events in cats].

Owners commonly have certain concerns about vaccinations, particularly regarding potential adverse reactions. This review presents a summary of vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs) reported in cats. The most commonly observed VAAEs in cats include mild, non-specific signs such as a mildly reduced general condition, anorexia, and increased body temperature.