Enterobactin inhibits microbiota-dependent activation of AhR to promote bacterial sepsis in mice.

Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but our understanding of the mechanisms underlying survival or susceptibility is limited. Here, as pathogens often subvert host defence mechanisms, we hypothesized that this might influence the outcome of sepsis. We used microbiota analysis, faecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic treatment and caecal metabolite analysis to show that gut-microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites including indoles increased host survival in a mouse model of Serratia marcescens sepsis.

Zymocin-like killer toxin gene clusters in the nuclear genomes of filamentous fungi.

Zymocin-like killer toxins are anticodon nucleases secreted by some budding yeast species, which kill competitor yeasts by cleaving tRNA molecules. They are encoded by virus-like elements (VLEs), cytosolic linear DNA molecules that are also called killer plasmids. To date, toxins of this type have been found only in budding yeast species (Saccharomycotina).

Acute metabolic decompensation after liver transplant in a patient with maple syrup urine disease.

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) caused by a defect in the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Liver transplant is an effective therapy for MSUD, and patients can usually tolerate a regular diet after transplant without symptomatic metabolic decompensation. Most post-transplant patients do not follow a sick-day diet.

Current state of neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices for paediatric patients with ventricular assist devices: an Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network and Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative collaborative survey.

Purpose: Paediatric patients with heart failure requiring ventricular assist devices are at heightened risk of neurologic injury and psychosocial adjustment challenges, resulting in a need for neurodevelopmental and psychosocial support following device placement. Through a descriptive survey developed in collaboration by the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network and the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative, the present study aimed to characterise current neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices for paediatric patients with ventricular assist devices.

Method: Members of both learning networks developed a 25-item electronic survey assessing neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices specific to paediatric ventricular assist device patients.

Tracking outcomes of activity-based therapy after spinal cord injury: a qualitative study of current practice in Canada.

Purpose: Activity-based therapy (ABT) promotes neuromuscular activation below the injury level in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). This qualitative descriptive study explored the experiences and perceptions of Canadian clinicians and clinic administrators regarding assessment practices in community-based ABT programs.

Methods: Twelve participants from six community clinics, in four provinces, completed individual interviews that followed a semi-structured guide informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework.