A first look at the genome structure of hexaploid "Mitcham" peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.).

Peppermint, Mentha × piperita L., is a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 72) and the predominant cultivar of commercial mint oil production in the US. This cultivar is threatened because of high susceptibility to the fungal disease verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae.

Multi-modal characterization of rodent tooth development.

Craniofacial tissues undergo hard tissue development through mineralization and changes in physicochemical properties. This study investigates the mechanical and chemical properties of developing enamel, dentin, and bone in the mouse mandible. We employ a multi-modal, multi-scale analysis of the developing incisor and first molar at postnatal day 12 by integrating micro-computed tomography (microCT), nanoindentation (NI), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy.

Piperazine-Derived Bisphosphonate-Based Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles Enhance mRNA Delivery to the Bone Microenvironment.

Nucleic acid delivery with mRNA lipid nanoparticles are being developed for targeting a wide array of tissues and cell types. However, targeted delivery to the bone microenvironment remains a significant challenge in the field, due in part to low local blood flow and poor interactions between drug carriers and bone material. Here we report bone-targeting ionizable lipids incorporating a piperazine backbone and bisphosphate moieties, which bind tightly with hydroxyapatite ([Ca(PO)OH]), a key component of mineralized tissues.

Matrix stiffness-dependent regulation of immunomodulatory genes in human MSCs is associated with the lncRNA CYTOR.

Cell-matrix interactions in 3D environments significantly differ from those in 2D cultures. As such, mechanisms of mechanotransduction in 2D cultures are not necessarily applicable to cell-encapsulating hydrogels that resemble features of tissue architecture. Accordingly, the characterization of molecular pathways in 3D matrices is expected to uncover insights into how cells respond to their mechanical environment in physiological contexts, and potentially also inform hydrogel-based strategies in cell therapies.

Rare but diverse off-target and somatic mutations found in field and greenhouse grown trees expressing CRISPR/Cas9.

CRISPR gene editing, while highly efficient in creating desired mutations, also has the potential to cause off-target mutations. This risk is especially high in clonally propagated plants, where editing reagents may remain in the genome for long periods of time or in perpetuity. We studied a diverse population of and trees that had CRISPR/Cas9-containing transgenes that targeted one or two types of floral development genes, homologs of and .