The Tumor Metabolite 5'-Deoxy-5'Methylthioadenosine (MTA) Inhibits Maturation and T Cell-Stimulating Capacity of Dendritic Cells.

Metabolite accumulation in the tumor microenvironment fosters immune evasion and limits the efficiency of immunotherapeutic approaches. Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), which catalyzes the degradation of 5'-deoxy-5'methylthioadenosine (MTA), is downregulated in many cancer entities. Consequently, MTA accumulates in the microenvironment of MTAP-deficient tumors, where it is known to inhibit tumor-infiltrating T cells and NK cells.

Associations Between Hydration Status and Executive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings from the Nationally Representative Health and Retirement Study.

The purpose of the current study is to examine the association between hydration status and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, drawing from a large, nationally representative sample in the United States and using a comprehensive set of executive function performance measures. We utilized data from the Health and Retirement Study to conduct twelve, three-stage hierarchical regressions on hydration status and executive function performance of older adults. Cognitive performance scores on the Trail Making A, Symbol Digit Modalities, and Letter Cancellation tests significantly differed by hydration status, and these outcomes follow a curvilinear pattern, such that performance scores are lower for those who are hyper-hydrated or dehydrated relative to those who are euhydrated or near-dehydration.

Sex-Dependent T Cell Dysregulation in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity.

Obesity is an emerging public health problem. Chronic low-grade inflammation is considered a major promotor of obesity-induced secondary diseases such as cardiovascular and fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and several cancer entities. Most preliminary studies on obesity-induced immune responses have been conducted in male rodents.

Obesity Inhibits Alveolar Macrophage Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia via Upregulation of Prostaglandin E2 in Male, but Not Female, Mice.

Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality during bacterial pneumonia. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and PGE2 have been shown to be upregulated in patients who are obese. In this study, we investigated the role of obesity and PGE2 in bacterial pneumonia and how inhibition of PGE2 improves antibacterial functions of macrophages.