Using the PACE EH model to mobilize communities to address local environmental health issues--a case study in Island County, Washington.

The Island County Environmental Health Initiative (ICEHI) is a demonstration project in the use of the Protocol for Assessing Community Excellence in Environmental Health (PACE EH) to build capacity in the 10 essential services of environmental health. The PACE EH methodology systematically applies the 10 essential services of environmental health through the completion of 13 tasks derived from a community-based environmental health assessment process. The ICEHI has successfully engaged community members, identified environmental health issues important to the community, and led to the implementation of action plans aimed at reducing environmental health risks through use of community resources.

Distribution and variation of NV genes in fish rhabdoviruses.

The fish rhabdovirus infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) contains a non-virion (NV) gene between the glycoprotein (G) and polymerase (L) genes on its RNA genome. The present study investigated three other fish rhabdovirus genomes and found that the NV gene of hirame rhabdovirus is closely related to the NV of IHNV, whereas the viral haemorrhagic septicemia NV gene showed evidence of significant divergence. Most importantly, spring viraemia of carp virus, the only vesiculovirus-like fish rhabdovirus examined, did not have an NV gene at its genomic RNA G-L junction.

The glycoprotein genes and gene junctions of the fish rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus: analysis of relationships with other rhabdoviruses.

The nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein genes and all of the internal gene junctions of the fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV) have been determined from cDNA clones generated from viral genomic RNA. The SVCV glycoprotein gene sequence is 1588 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a 509 amino acid (aa) protein. The HIRRV glycoprotein gene sequence comprises 1612 nt, coding for a 508 aa protein.

The genetic diversity and epizootiology of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus.

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdovirus which causes a serious disease in salmonid fish. The T1 ribonuclease fingerprinting method was used to compare the RNA genomes of 26 isolates of IHNV recovered from sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), and steelhead trout (O.

The NV genes of fish rhabdoviruses: development of RNase protection assays for rapid assessment of genetic variation.

The genomic RNA of the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) contains a small NV gene which is not present in any other rhabdoviruses characterized to date. We have constructed a plasmid which carries a full length cDNA copy of the IHNV NV gene between 2 RNA polymerase promoters such that plus-sense and minus-sense RNA transcripts of the IHNV NV gene can be synthesized. These were used to develop an RNase protection assay which was capable of detecting as little as 1-5 ng of NV mRNA or genomic RNA.