Corticotropin-releasing factor system in the lateral septum: Implications in the pathophysiology of obesity.

Obesity is a pandemic associated with lifestyles changes. These include excess intake of obesogenic foods and decreased physical activity. Brain areas, like the lateral hypothalamus (LH), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) have been linked in both homeostatic and hedonic control of feeding in experimental models of diet-induced obesity.

Transcriptional Regulation, Signaling Pathways, and Subcellular Localization of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in the Central Nervous System.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors CRF-R1 and CRF-R2 are differentially distributed in body tissues, and although they respond differentially to stimuli due to their association with different signaling pathways, both receptors have a fundamental role in the response and adaptation to stressful stimuli. Here, we summarize the reported data on different forms of CRF-R1 and CRF-R2 regulation as well as on their subcellular localization. Although the presence of R1 has been described at pre- and postsynaptic sites, R2 is mainly associated with postsynaptic densities.

Type 1 Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Differentially Modulates Neurotransmitter Levels in the Nucleus Accumbens of Juvenile versus Adult Rats.

Adversity is particularly pernicious in early life, increasing the likelihood of developing psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Juvenile and adult rats exposed to social isolation show differences in anxiety-like behaviors and significant changes in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Brain response to stress is partly mediated by the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system, composed of CRF and its two main receptors, CRF-R1 and CRF-R2.

Reactive oxygen species modulate locomotor activity and dopamine extracellular levels induced by amphetamine in rats.

The increase of dopamine (DA) in the reward system is related to the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse and hyper locomotion induced by psychostimulants. The increase of DA induced by drugs of abuse generates high amounts of ROS by monoamines metabolization. It has been showed that ROS could modulate psychomotor response and reinforcing effects induced by drugs of abuse as cocaine and methamphetamine (METH).

Social isolation of adolescent male rats increases anxiety and K -induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens: Role of CRF-R1.

Early life adversity can disrupt development leading to emotional and cognitive disorders. This study investigated the effects of social isolation after weaning on anxiety, body weight and locomotion, and on extracellular dopamine (DA) and glutamate (GLU) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and their modulation by corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1. On the day of weaning, male rats were housed singly or in groups for 10 consecutive days.