Annual variation of source contributions to PM and oxidative potential in a mountainous area with traffic, biomass burning, cement-plant and biogenic influences.

Toxicity of particulate matter (PM) depends on its sources, size and composition. We identified PM sources and determined their contribution to oxidative potential (OP) as a health proxy for PM exposure in an Alpine valley influenced by cement industry. PM filter sample chemical analysis and equivalent black carbon (eBC) were measured at an urban background site from November 2020 to November 2021.