Practical learning opportunities and changes in teachers' self-efficacy beliefs: Does the development of bachelor student teachers' competence differ before and during COVID-19?

This article investigates changes in student teachers' teacher self-efficacy beliefs (SEBs) as part of their competence development during their three-year bachelor's program and how these changes can be explained through practical learning opportunities. Using two bachelor's student teacher cohorts who studied during and prior to COVID-19, differences in the development of their competence are analyzed longitudinally over three time points. Unexpectedly, no increase in SEBs was observed; rather, a significant decline was identified, with little practical relevance for the cohort who had studied before and medium practical relevance for the cohort who studied during the pandemic.

Atraumatic method of renal blood flow estimation by 133Xenoninhalation and its application to transplanted kidneys.

Non-invasive measurement of organ blood flow can be achieved by tracing the elimination patterns of 133Xe administered by inhalation. An adaption of the method for the estimation of renal blood flow was developed. The 133Xe is accumulated in the tissue by re-breathing for 1 min and the time course of its washout from the kidney is followed for 14 min thereafter.