Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Comorbidities Associated with Epilepsy.

One of the most common neurological disorders, which occurs among 1% of the population worldwide, is epilepsy. Therapeutic failure is common with epilepsy and nearly about 30% of patients fall in this category. Seizure suppression should not be the only goal while treating epilepsy but associated comorbidities, which can further worsen the condition, should also be considered.

Ectopic pregnancy - laparoscopic management in a district general hospital.

A 2-year retrospective study was carried out in a district general hospital to review the outcome of laparoscopic management versus laparotomy for the management of ectopic pregnancy. Outcome measures included operating time, postoperative analgesia requirements, complications, length of hospital stay, the post-ectopic intrauterine pregnancy rates and the recurrent ectopic pregnancy rates over an observational period of 16 months. Forty-nine consecutive women were seen.

Clinical equivalence of intranasal and oral 17beta-estradiol for postmenopausal symptoms.

Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate clinical equivalence between a novel intranasal estradiol formulation and a reference oral drug.

Study Design: In this multinational, double-blind, parallel-group study 659 postmenopausal women with moderate to severe postmenopausal symptoms were randomly assigned to receive either 300 microg/d intranasal 17beta-estradiol (S21400) or 2 mg/d oral micronized estradiol, plus the appropriate placebo, for 24 weeks. All patients also received 10 mg/d dydrogesterone for 14 days per 28-day cycle.

Postmenopausal oestrogens and arteries.

Postmenopausal oestrogen use is associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The fact that a large scale controlled trial has not been conducted is a valid criticism, but the epidemiological data are compelling and there is evidence of biologically plausible mechanisms which may mediate this effect. Postmenopausal HRT also abolishes climacteric symptoms and conserves bone.