Importance of Anatomical Variation of the Hepatic Artery for Complicated Liver and Pancreatic Surgeries: A Review Emphasizing Origin and Branching.

Knowledge of anatomical variations of the hepatic artery from its origin to intrahepatic segmentation is of utmost importance for planning upper abdominal surgeries including liver transplantation, pancreatoduodenectomy, and biliary reconstruction. The origin and branching pattern of the hepatic artery was thoroughly described by the classification of Michels and Hiatt. Some rare variations of the hepatic artery were classified by Kobayashi and Koops.

Unraveling Variations in Celiac Trunk and Hepatic Artery by CT Angiography to Aid in Surgeries of Upper Abdominal Region.

Understanding of variations in the course and source of abdominal arteries is crucial for any surgical intervention in the peritoneal space. Intricate surgeries of the upper abdominal region, such as hepato-biliary, pancreatic, gastric and splenic surgeries, require precise knowledge of regular anatomy and different variations related to celiac trunk and hepatic artery. In addition, information about the origin of inferior phrenic artery is important in conditions such as hepatocellular carcinoma and gastroesophageal bleeding management.

Film Flip and Transfer Process to Enhance Light Harvesting in Ultrathin Absorber Films on Specular Back-Reflectors.

Optical interference is used to enhance light-matter interaction and harvest broadband light in ultrathin semiconductor absorber films on specular back-reflectors. However, the high-temperature processing in oxygen atmosphere required for oxide absorbers often degrades metallic back-reflectors and their specular reflectance. In order to overcome this problem, a newly developed film flip and transfer process is presented that enables high-temperature processing without degradation of the metallic back-reflector and without the need of passivation interlayers.

Utility of the Paris System in Reporting Urine Cytology.

Objective: To find out the utility of The Paris System (TPS) in reporting urine cytology and to compare it with the reporting system currently used in our laboratory.

Study Design: This retrospective study was undertaken over a period of 1 year during which slides of all the urine specimens sent for cytological examination were retrieved from our laboratory filling system. They were blindly reviewed and reclassified according to TPS.

Comparison of different regimes of misoprostol for the termination of early pregnancy failure.

Background: Nearly 20% of all confirmed pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. Misoprostol's use in early pregnancy failure is varied and dose and route are not well established. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and the side effects of different regimes of misoprostol in causing expulsion of products of conception in early pregnancy failure.