Effects of direct-fed microbials supplementation on in vitro and ex vivo ruminal fermentation and nutrient degradability in lactating Holstein dairy cows.

We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effect of direct-fed microbials () on fermentation parameters and nutrient degradability with two different approaches using rumen fluid from lactating Holstein dairy cows. In Exp. 1, three doses of a DFM containing and () at doses of 3.

Immediate Postintervention Outcomes from a Randomized Trial that Sought to Enhance Access to Live Donor Kidney Transplant for Black and African Americans.

Introduction: Eliminating racial inequities in access to kidney transplantation requires multilevel interventions that target both patients and health systems.

Research Question: The aim of this study was to determine whether adding culturally sensitive, web-based patient education to a transplant center-level intervention was associated with increased knowledge, motivation to pursue living donor kidney transplant, and confidence in the behavioral skills to discuss living donation among Black/African American patients with end-stage kidney disease.

Design: A total of 411 transplant candidates were randomized to intervention (N = 222) or control groups (N = 189) and completed measures at baseline and immediate follow-up during the transplant evaluation visit.

Mechanistic Interrogation of Photochemical Nickel-Catalyzed Tetrahydrofuran Arylation Leveraging Enantioinduction Data.

This manuscript details the development of an asymmetric variant for the Ni-photoredox α-arylation of tetrahydrofuran (THF), which was originally reported in a racemic fashion by Doyle and Molander. Leveraging the enantioselectivity data that we obtained, a complex mechanistic scenario different from those originally proposed is uncovered. Specifically, an unexpected dependence of the product enantiomeric ratio was observed on both the halide identity (aryl chloride vs bromide substrates) and the Ni source.

A Polyketide Male-Produced Aggregation-Sex Pheromone Shared by the North American Cerambycid Beetle Graphisurus fasciatus and the South American Cerambycid Eutrypanus dorsalis.

The longhorn beetle Graphisurus fasciatus (Degeer) ranges from southeastern Canada to Florida and west to Texas, and has frequently been caught during field trials testing attraction of other cerambycid species to their synthesized pheromones. Collections of headspace volatiles from live beetles revealed that males but not females produce a polyketide compound identified as (4R,6S,7E,9E)-4,6,8-trimethylundeca-7,9-dien-3-one ([4R,6S,7E,9E]-graphisurone). Field trials verified that beetles of both sexes were attracted to the synthesized compound, indicating that it is an aggregation-sex pheromone.

Methionol as an aggregation-sex pheromone of the desert-dwelling beetle Eustromula valida (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

As part of a long-term project on unraveling the use of pheromones in the large beetle family Cerambycidae, field trials were conducted with generic blends of known cerambycid pheromones at a desert site in southern California. In the first year of testing (2022), the species Eustromula valida (LeConte) (subfamily Cerambycinae, tribe Elaphidiini) and Aethecerinus latecinctus (Horn) (Cerambycinae, Trachyderini) were weakly attracted to one of the lure blends. In follow-up trials in 2023, only E.