DNA-binding affinity and specificity determine the phenotypic diversity in BCL11B-related disorders.

BCL11B is a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger (C2H2-ZnF) domain-containing, DNA-binding, transcription factor with established roles in the development of various organs and tissues, primarily the immune and nervous systems. BCL11B germline variants have been associated with a variety of developmental syndromes. However, genotype-phenotype correlations along with pathophysiologic mechanisms of selected variants mostly remain elusive.

Peer Mentoring by Medical Students for Medical Students: A Scoping Review.

Medical school transitions pose challenges for students. Mentoring programs may aid students, but evidence supporting peer/near-peer mentoring in medical school is unclear. Our review explores peer mentoring's benefits, elements for success and challenges.

The onset presentation of multiple sclerosis differs in Hispanic/Latinx Americans compared with non-Hispanic White Americans.

Background: Little is known about how multiple sclerosis (MS) presents in Hispanic/Latinx (HL) people with MS (pwMS).

Objective: Compare age at onset (AAO) and onset severity between HL versus non-Hispanic White (NHW) pwMS.

Methods: A cross-sectional study leveraged the MS PATHS registry spanning seven US tertiary care institutions.

Outcomes Associated With Airway Management of Adult Trauma Patients Admitted to Surgical Intensive Care.

Introduction: Advanced airway management and ventilation of trauma patients are often needed during acute stabilization and resuscitation and later, in those admitted. In addition to endotracheal intubation for advanced airway management, tracheostomy is commonly used in critically ill patients when prolonged mechanical ventilation is required. However, the outcomes associated with airway management approaches and the timing of a tracheostomy in critically ill patients are mixed.

Neural Markers of Treatment Response in Pediatric Anxiety and PTSD.

Pediatric anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with elevated threat sensitivity and impaired emotion regulation, accompanied by dysfunction in the neural circuits involved in these processes. Despite established treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, many children do not achieve remission, underscoring the importance of understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders. This review synthesizes current research on the neural predictors of treatment response and the neurofunctional changes associated with treatment in pediatric anxiety and PTSD during threat and reward processing.