Botulinum neurotoxin type A does not exert concentration-dependent effects on equine articular cartilage in vitro.

Objective: To determine whether Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) ameliorates the effects of interleukin 1 (IL-1) on equine articular cartilage, or exerts negative effects on normal equine articular cartilage homeostasis in vitro.

Sample: Articular cartilage explants from 6 healthy femoropatellar joints of 3 adult horses.

Methods: Explants were allocated to the IL-1 challenged or unchallenged group, then exposed to 1 of 6 concentrations of BoNT-A (0, 1, 10, 50, 100, or 500 pg/mL) for 96 hours.

Role of cartilage and bone matrix regulation in early equine osteochondrosis.

The objective of this study is to better understand the pathogenesis of early equine osteochondrosis (OC) by identifying differences in gene and protein expression of extracellular matrix components and regulators in normal and diseased cartilage and bone, focusing on the osteochondral junction and cells surrounding the cartilage canals. We expected to find an upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and a decrease in extracellular matrix constituent expression along the osteochondral junction and cells surrounding the cartilage canals in OC samples. Paraffin-embedded osteochondral samples (6 OC-affected, 8 normal controls) and cDNA from chondrocytes captured with laser capture microdissection from frozen sections (4 OC-affected, 5 normal controls) were used in this study.

Bilateral dorsal rotation of the talus with tibiotarsal, talocalcaneal, and proximal intertarsal joint subluxation in an alpaca.

Case Description: A 14-month-old female alpaca presented with a 3-week history of acute left hind limb lameness and swelling of the left tarsal region.

Clinical Findings: Radiography revealed intermittent dorsal rotation of the talus with tibiotarsal, talocalcaneal, and proximal intertarsal joint subluxation.

Treatment And Outcome: In an attempt to stabilize the talus, screws were placed in the distomedial aspect of the talus and the plantaromedial aspect of the central tarsal bone, and a stainless-steel wire was placed around the screws in a figure-eight pattern.

Outcome of bilateral equid laparoscopic ovariectomies.

Objective: To assess outcomes and behavior changes associated with bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomies.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Sample Population: Fifty-one equids.

Muscle tears as a primary cause of lameness in horses: 14 cases (2009-2016).

This study describes clinical and ultrasonographic findings and outcomes of horses with lameness associated with muscle tears. Records of horses diagnosed with muscle tears were retrospectively evaluated. Horses in which one or more muscle tears were confirmed ultrasonographically and lameness was associated with the tear were included in the study ( = 14).