Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevention and clinical guidelines research - workshop report.

It is estimated that up to 1 in 20 people in the United States may have a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), or the array of physical, cognitive, emotional, and social disorders caused by exposure to alcohol during prenatal development (May et al., JAMA 319:474-82, 2018). While this condition is present in a broad range of individuals and families, it has not previously been examined in the military community, where cultural factors including an increased prevalence of alcohol misuse may pose a unique set of challenges (Health.

Inferring Economic Impacts from a Program's Physical Outcomes: An Application to Forest Protection in Thailand.

Economists typically estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) when evaluating government programs. The economic interpretation of the ATT can be ambiguous when program outcomes are measured in purely physical terms, as they often are in evaluations of environmental programs (e.g.

Dietary Patterns in Runners with Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and reflux frequently experience gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), potentially enhanced by high-intensity running. Food avoidances, food choices, and GIS in runners with IBS/IBD ( = 53) and reflux ( = 37) were evaluated using a reliability and validity tested questionnaire. Comparisons to a control group of runners ( = 375) were made using a Fisher's Exact test.

Dietary restrictions in endurance runners to mitigate exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptoms.

Background: Endurance runners frequently experience exercise-induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, negatively impacting their performance. Food choices pre-exercise have a significant impact on the gut's tolerance to running, yet little information is available as to which foods runners restrict prior to exercise.

Methods: A questionnaire designed to assess dietary restrictions pre-racing and gastrointestinal symptoms was administered to 388 runners.