Air pressures developed beyond the apex from drying root canals with pressurized air.

Air introduced into tissues during invasive procedures can be harmful. Endodontic treatment is not frequently associated with this phenomenon, but serious results can occur if air forced into tissues impinges on critical anatomical structures and/or carries infection into deeper areas. Extracted teeth were connected to a pressure gauge during and after canal instrumentation and pressures measured.

Flare-up rate in pulpally necrotic molars in one-visit versus two-visit endodontic treatment.

This retrospective study compared one-visit versus two-visit endodontic treatment. The same technique and materials were used before and after making the sole change to one-visit endodontic treatment in 1991. Treatment records of 402 consecutive patients with pulpally necrotic first and second molars were compared.

Health policy issues and applications for evidence-based medicine and clinical practice guidelines.

Evidence-based medicine and clinical practice guidelines have become increasingly salient to the international health care community in the 1990s. Key issues in health policy in this period can be categorised as costs and access to care, quality of and satisfaction with care, accountability for value in health care, and public health and education. This paper presents a brief overview of evidence-based medicine and clinical practice guidelines and describes how they are likely to influence health policy.