The development of cardinal extension: From counting to exact equality.

Numerate adults know that when two sets are equal, they should be labeled by the same number word. We explored the development of this principle-sometimes called "cardinal extension"-and how it relates to children's other numerical abilities. Experiment 1 revealed that 2- to 5-year-old children who could accurately count large sets often inferred that two equal sets should be labeled with the same number word, unlike children who could not accurately count large sets.

Characterization of a novel oronasal-restricted nicotine vaping self-administration model in mice.

Nicotine use remains one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the United States and, while the prevalence of combustible cigarette use has declined over the past few years, the popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems continues to rise. Vaping is not without risks, and its long-term effects, particularly in vulnerable populations, remain largely unknown. This study introduces a novel, oronasal-restricted, nicotine vapor self-administration mouse model to investigate the impact of nicotine concentration, genotype, sex, and age on self-administration and behavioral response to nicotine.

Association of endovascular thrombectomy volume and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke: A National Inpatient Sample Study.

Background: Previous studies suggest a positive relationship between higher hospital endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) volume and improved outcomes. We investigated this association using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 to 2020.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the NIS examined the relationship between hospital EVT volume and outcomes.

Increased neutrophil elastase in affected lobes of bronchiectasis and correlation of its levels between sputum and bronchial lavage fluid.

Background: Neutrophil elastase (NE) has been proposed as a potential biomarker for evaluating the severity and prognosis of bronchiectasis. This study aimed to compare bronchial lavage quantification of NE levels and activities with those of sputum.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 24 Vietnamese adults with bronchiectasis were enrolled from June 2023 to August 2023.

Efficacy of Split-Thickness Thin Amniotic Membrane Graft for Closure of Refractory or Large Macular Holes.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of split-thickness amniotic membrane (SAM) grafts in achieving closure of refractory or large macular holes (MH).

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed data from patients who underwent surgical repair of MHs using SAM grafts between January 2019 and December 2023. Key parameters, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and MH size, were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively.