Transplacental transfer efficiency of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) after long-term exposure to highly contaminated drinking water: a study in the Ronneby Mother-Child Cohort.

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are stable chemicals used in various applications. PFAS exposure has been associated with lower birth weight and immunological effects in children, and limited evidence further suggests adverse neurodevelopmental effects. Previous studies show that PFAS cross the placental barrier during pregnancy leading to prenatal exposure of the fetus.

A Rest-Shade-Hydration-Hygiene program reduces acute kidney injury and increases production at a sugar mill in Nicaragua, an economic analysis.

Background: Occupational heat stress mediated acute kidney injury (AKI) has been linked to the development of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional causes (CKDnt) in agriculture workers. Rest-shade-hydration-hygiene (RSHH) programs are promising interventions for preventing CKDnt. An obstacle to the implementation of RSHH programs is the concern that the reduced work time associated with these programs may reduce productivity and earnings.

Occupational exposure to respirable and inhalable dust and its components in a Nicaraguan sugarcane plantation.

Objective: To assess personal exposure to respirable and inhalable dust and its components endotoxin, black carbon and crystalline silica among sugarcane workers in Nicaragua.

Methods: Individual exposures to respirable (measurements=98) and inhalable (measurements=36) dust were collected in January and March 2020, with the month of March generally being hotter and less humid. Respirable dust and its components black carbon and crystalline silica, as well as inhalable dust and its component endotoxin, were personally measured.

International prevalence patterns of low eGFR in adults aged 18-60 without traditional risk factors from a population-based cross-sectional disadvantaged populations eGFR epidemiology (DEGREE) study.

The disadvantaged populations eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) epidemiology (DEGREE) study was designed to gain insight into the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of undetermined cause (CKDu) using standard protocols to estimate the general-population prevalence of low eGFR internationally. Therefore, we estimated the age-standardized prevalence of eGFR under 60 ml/min per 1.73m in adults aged 18-60, excluding participants with commonly known causes of CKD; an ACR (albumin/creatinine ratio) over 300 mg/g or equivalent, or self-reported or measured (HT) hypertension or (DM) diabetes mellitus, stratified by sex and location.