Modification in ICU design may influence circadian serum cholinesterase activities: a proof-of-concept pilot study.

Background: Deficits in cholinergic function are assumed to cause cognitive decline. Studies have demonstrated that changes in serum cholinesterase activities are associated with a higher incidence of delirium in critically ill patients. Additionally, basic research indicates that the cholinergic and circadian systems are interconnected, with each system influencing the functionality of the other.

Quantitative measurement of the flow depending nasal valve function by elastography with electro-optical distance sensors. A pilot study.

Nasal valve function depends on the intensity of the inspiratory nasal airflow, the geometry of the nasal entrance and the mechanical properties of the lateral nasal wall. It is desirable to obtain objective information on the relation between flow and valve movement. In this study, the deflection of the lateral nasal wall and the inspiratory flow were measured on 30 healthy volunteers, aged 18 to 82 without a history of severe trauma or nasal surgery.

Ethical conflicts in patient care situations of community pharmacists: a cross-sectional online survey.

Background: Community pharmacy practice is rarely considered in ethical research, although various ethical conflicts are known for this setting. Data on the actual frequency and perceived burden of ethical conflicts occurring in the community pharmacy setting are required.

Aim: The survey aimed at investigating the frequency and perceived burden of ethical conflicts, reasons for the perceived burden and influences on decision-making in ethical conflicts in German community pharmacists.

Modification in ICU Design May Affect Delirium and Circadian Melatonin: A Proof of Concept Pilot Study.

Objectives: Nonpharmacologic delirium management is recommended by current guidelines, but studies on the impact of ICU design are still limited. The study's primary purpose was to determine if a multicomponent change in room design prevents ICU delirium. Second, the influence of lighting conditions on serum melatonin was assessed.