A literature review of biomarkers used for diagnosis of relative energy deficiency in sport.

Introduction: The review aims to summarize the markers used in diagnosing relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) and compare them with the REDs CAT2 score.

Methods: A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases during April 2023. The descriptors used were "athlete" AND "REDs," along with respective entry terms.

Expression of STAT3 and hypoxia markers in long-term surviving malignant glioma patients.

Background: Glioblastoma is a malignant and aggressive type of central nevous system malignancy characterized by many distinct biological features including extensive hypoxia. Hypoxia in glioblatoma associates with complex signaling patterns including activation of several pathways such as MAPK, PI3K-AKT/mTOR and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 with the master regulator HIF-1, which in turn drive particular tumor behaviors determining, in the end, treatment outcomes and patients fate. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the expression of selected hypoxia related factors including STAT3 in a small set of long-term surviving glioma patients.

Diagnostic Utility of Immunohistochemical Detection of MEOX2, SOX11, INSM1 and EGFR in Gliomas.

Histological identification of dispersed glioma cells in small biopsies can be challenging, especially in tumours lacking the R132H mutation or alterations in TP53. We postulated that immunohistochemical detection of proteins expressed preferentially in gliomas (EGFR, MEOX2, CD34) or during embryonal development (SOX11, INSM1) can be used to distinguish reactive gliosis from glioma. Tissue microarrays of 46 reactive glioses, 81 glioblastomas, 34 IDH1-mutant diffuse gliomas, and 23 gliomas of other types were analysed.

The Contest of Nanoparticles: Searching for the Most Effective Topical Delivery of Corticosteroids.

Owing to their complicated pathophysiology, the treatment of skin diseases necessitates a complex approach. Conventional treatment using topical corticosteroids often results in low effectiveness and the incidence of local or even systemic side effects. Nanoformulation of potent anti-inflammatory drugs has been selected as an optimal strategy for enhanced topical delivery of corticosteroids.

Polymorphism, Nanostructures, and Barrier Properties of Ceramide-Based Lipid Films.

Ceramides belong to sphingolipids, an important group of cellular and extracellular lipids. Their physiological functions range from cell signaling to participation in the formation of barriers against water evaporation. In the skin, they are essential for the permeability barrier, together with free fatty acids and cholesterol.