Field trials with low power lasers concerning the blink reflex.

Laser belonging to class 2 emit in the visible part of the spectrum. The power is limited to 1 mW in the CW mode. Up to now the protection of the eyes has been supposed to be given by the blink reflex for incidentally intrabeam viewing in many regulations.

[Measuring eyelid reflex with electroblepharography].

Safety regulations concerning the handling of low power lasers in the visible region (Class 2, according to DIN EN 60825-1) assume that the eye is protected by the eye-blink reflex, which should have completed within 250 ms during laser impact into the eye. A method has been developed to determine the temporal progression of the blink reflex by measuring the biosignal of the upper eyelid movement. In this procedure, which we call Electroblepharography (EBG), the electrical signal of the eyelid muscle is gained by means of self adherent electrode pads and is evaluated and charted after analog signal processing in the EBG-device.

An electrohydrothermosation system for application in endolaryngeal and enoral surgery: a technical report.

The use of medical lasers or high-frequency (HF) devices ('electrocautery') allows the dissection of tissue by an application of heat. The main advantage of such techniques is the reduction of intra-operative bleeding. On the other hand, carbonization and coagulation lead to difficulties in the histological investigation of the resected specimen.