Metabolic effects of heterocyclic amines on insulin‑induced AKT phosphorylation and gluconeogenic gene expression are modified by N-acetyltransferase 2 genetic polymorphism.

Objective: Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are mutagens and carcinogens primarily generated when cooking meat at high temperatures or until well-done, and their major metabolic pathway includes hepatic N-hydroxylation via CYP1A2 followed by O-acetylation via N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). NAT2 expresses a well-defined genetic polymorphism in humans resulting in rapid and slow acetylators. Recent epidemiological studies reported significant associations between dietary HCA exposure and insulin resistance and type II diabetes.

Aculeapyridones A-Q, Pyranopyridone Alkaloids with Protective Effects against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury Discovered from a Coculture of WHUF0198 and a sp.

In the search for novel natural products with hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, the marine-derived fungus WHUF0198 was investigated. Seventeen undescribed pyranopyridone alkaloids, aculeapyridones A-Q (-), were isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation of an extract obtained by coculture of the WHUF0198 with the mangrove-associated fungus sp. DM27.

A Pair of Fluorescent Probes Enabling Precise Diagnosis of Liver Cancer by Complementary Imaging.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is by far the predominant malignant liver cancer, with both high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and surgical resections are imperative for improving the survival of HCC patients. However, limited by clinical diagnosis methods, it is difficult to accurately distinguish tumor tissue and its boundaries in the early stages of cancer.

Pivotal trial characteristics and types of endpoints used to support Food and Drug Administration rare disease drug approvals between 2013 and 2022.

Background/aims: Rare disease drug development faces unique challenges, such as genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity within small patient populations and a lack of established outcome measures for conditions without previously successful drug development programs. These challenges complicate the process of selecting the appropriate trial endpoints and conducting clinical trials in rare diseases. In this descriptive study, we examined novel drug approvals for non-oncologic rare diseases by the U.