Associations of area deprivation and urban/rural traits with the incidence of type 1 diabetes: analysis at the municipality level in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Aim: To analyse the associations of area deprivation and urban/rural traits with the incidence of type 1 diabetes in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Methods: Data of incident type 1 diabetes cases in children and adolescents aged <20 years between 2007 and 2014 were extracted from a population-based diabetes register. Population data, indicators of area deprivation and urban/rural traits at the municipality level (396 entities) were obtained from official statistics.

Eating Frequency and Carbohydrate Intake in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Differ from Those in Their Peers and are Associated with Glycemic Control.

Aim: The diet of people with type 1 diabetes may differ from that of healthy peers due to disease-related factors that may affect the course of diabetes. This cross-sectional study sought to compare meal and snacking frequency and corresponding carbohydrate intake among adolescents with intensively-treated type 1 diabetes and healthy peers and to analyze their association with glycemic control among diabetes patients.

Methods: Nutritional data of 712 11- to <19-year-olds from a nationwide population-based survey on early-onset type 1 diabetes (52.