Teaching Diagnostic Reasoning to Medical Students: a four-step approach.

Diagnosis is fundamental to clinical medicine, and diagnostic errors are a serious public health problem. However, there is little consensus regarding the best approach to teaching diagnostic reasoning in medical schools. One approach ("pattern recognition") uses learned associations between patient symptoms and signs and human disorders to help experienced clinicians solve problems rapidly and efficiently.

Role of MIL-53(Fe)/hydrated-dehydrated MOF catalyst for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline medium and photocatalysis.

The role of breathing behavior in hydrated and dehydrated forms of MIL-53(Fe) is investigated here. The material can be used as an efficient electrocatalyst and photocatalyst for a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline medium and the same was further tested for the degradation of organic pollutants. The as-synthesized MIL-53(Fe)/hydrated and dehydrated forms were characterized by different analytical techniques to study their structure, morphology, surface analysis, thermal, physical and chemical properties.

Johann Friedrich Horner and the Repeated Discovery of Oculosympathoparesis: Whose Syndrome Is It?

Disruption of cranial sympathetic tone leads to the symptom complex of miosis, ptosis, and hemifacial anhidrosis. It is widely believed that this phenomenon was discovered in 1869 by the Swiss ophthalmologist Johann Friedrich Horner, and as a result, the term Horner syndrome has become synonymous with the clinical presentation. However, the syndrome that would become Horner syndrome had actually been described several times before his report.

Opsoclonus persisting during sleep in West Nile encephalitis.

Background: Recent outbreaks of West Nile virus infection have alerted the public to disabling paralysis as an outcome. Ocular motor involvement with West Nile virus is rare.

Objective: To describe a patient with West Nile virus encephalitis that resulted in opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome with persistent ocular oscillation on electroencephalography during stage 2 sleep.

Inflammatory trigeminal sensory neuropathy mimicking trigeminal neurinoma.

Idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy is a benign disorder. We report two patients with transient MRI abnormalities, suggesting transient inflammation of the trigeminal nerve caused temporary facial sensory symptoms.