A Five-Year Analysis of Market Share and Sales Growth for Original Drugs after Patent Expiration in Korea.

Introduction: The sales patterns of original drugs after patent expiration in Korea show a relatively high market share and continuous sales growth differently from those in the U.S. and European countries.

Seroprevalence of Infection in Wild Boar () and Korean Water Deer () in the Republic of Korea.

is a ubiquitous zoonotic parasite with a wide range of warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts, where the transmission primarily occurs through ingesting oocysts in the environment. Hence, animals inhabiting a wide geographical range can be sentinels for the environmental contamination of oocysts. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of in two generalist ungulates in the Republic of Korea (ROK), wild boar () and Korean water deer (), and identify the risk factors associated with this infection.

Fermented Fish Collagen Diminished Photoaging-Related Collagen Decrease by Attenuating AGE-RAGE Binding Activity.

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes skin wrinkles and decreases elasticity. UV also increases binding between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), resulting in increased inflammation and activation of NF-κB. We evaluated whether fermented fish collagen (FC) could decrease photoaging via decreasing AGE-RAGE binding activity, which was associated with decreased TNF-α and NF-κB levels in UV-irradiated keratinocytes and animal skin.

TIM3 on natural killer cells regulates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in HER2-positive gastric cancer.

Therapies targeting HER2 are the standard treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC). Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER2, exerts anti-tumor activity through cell growth regulation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). ADCC is induced by the binding of trastuzumab to Fcγ receptor III (CD16) in natural killer (NK) cells.

Tumor infiltration of inactive CD8 + T cells was associated with poor prognosis in Gastric Cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) shows limited response to immune checkpoint inhibitors due to its complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). This study explores the functions of various immune cells in the complex TIME in GC.

Methods: We assessed CD8 + T-cell infiltration of GC tissues by immunohistochemistry, and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of tumor and normal tissues from 34 patients with GC.