The Assessment and Prevention of Medical Device-Related Pressure Injuries in the Home Health Setting.

Medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPIs) pose a significant risk in the home health environment, where patients may lack continuous professional oversight. Devices commonly used in the home environment with the potential to cause a MDRPI include but are not limited to nasogastric tubes, feeding tubes, nasal cannulas, nasal cannula prongs, airway pressure masks, indwelling urinary catheters, sequential compression devices, dressings, bandages, and tracheostomies. When a medical device is used for an extended period, it can lead to unrelieved pressure or edema, cause friction and/or shearing that impairs sensation, reduces circulation, and alters the microclimate.

Patient-Reported Outcomes for Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Secondary Analysis of the COMET Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Active monitoring (AM) for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been considered as a potential alternative to guideline-concordant care (GCC; inclusive of surgery with or without radiation). Reported data comparing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between GCC and AM for DCIS are lacking.

Objective: To compare PROs at baseline and over time in patients with low-risk DCIS randomized to receive either AM or GCC.

Active Monitoring With or Without Endocrine Therapy for Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: The COMET Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has been proposed as an alternative to guideline-concordant care, but the safety of this approach is unknown.

Objective: To compare rates of invasive cancer in patients with low-risk DCIS receiving active monitoring vs guideline-concordant care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective, randomized noninferiority trial enrolling 995 women aged 40 years or older with a new diagnosis of hormone receptor-positive grade 1 or grade 2 DCIS without invasive cancer at 100 US Alliance Cancer Cooperative Group clinical trial sites from 2017 to 2023.

The urine protein/creatinine ratio as a reliable indicator of 24-h urine protein excretion across different levels of renal function and proteinuria: the TUNARI prospective study.

Background: The 24-h urine protein (24-hUP) excretion is the gold standard for evaluating proteinuria. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of protein/creatinine ratio (PCR) for estimating 24-hUP at various levels of renal function and proteinuria levels.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 and December 2023 in Salvador, Bahia-Brazil, as an extension of previously published data from the TUNARI study.

Community-Engaged Approaches for Improving the Inclusion of Diverse Communities in a Nutrition Clinical Trial.

Background: Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) disproportionately affects African American/Black (AA) and Latino communities. CMD disparities are exacerbated by their underrepresentation in clinical trials for CMD treatments including nutritional interventions. The study aimed to (1) form a precision nutrition community consultant panel (PNCCP) representative of Latino and AA communities in Los Angeles to identify barriers and facilitators to recruitment and retention of diverse communities into nutrition clinical trials and (2) develop culturally informed strategies to improve trial diversity.